Automotive washer system utilizing a freezable washer liquid and a freeze-resistant washer liquid

ABSTRACT

A washer system which includes a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein. The drain port is in fluid communication with the freezable washer liquid when the first reservoir is in at least a full state. The washer system also includes a temperature sensor for measuring a critical temperature corresponding to approximately a freezing temperature of the freezable washer liquid, a drain plug sealingly communicating with the drain port, and an electrical control unit in operative communication with the temperature sensor and the drain plug. The electrical control unit controls the drain plug to drain the liquid from the first reservoir in response to the critical temperature.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/947,051 filed Sep. 5, 2001.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to a washer system particularly suited for automotive vehicles and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for dispensing a freezable washer liquid or a freeze-resistant washer liquid depending on a given measured temperature.

Currently, most washer liquids contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as alcohols or glycols, to depress the overall washer liquid freezing point temperature. The most common washer liquid is a solution of methyl alcohol (methanol) by weight in demineralized water, including a small amount of detergent and dye.

After having been dispensed onto the vehicle surface to be cleaned, the volatile organic compounds contained in the washer liquid can evaporate into the atmosphere. With sufficient atmospheric warmth and sunlight, such as during a hot and sunny day, certain VOCs, including those used as freezing point depression agents in washer liquid, may participate in a complex series of photochemical reactions in the atmosphere leading to the formation of ozone, a major component of smog (air pollution). For this reason, many governments have placed limits on total allowable vehicular VOC emissions, primarily with respect to engine exhaust and fuel delivery systems. As regulations become increasingly restrictive, VOC emissions from washer systems may be counted against total vehicular VOC emissions, though this currently is not the case.

Although reduction of VOC emissions is not addressed, U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,254 uses water extracted from the air in its washer system. The '254 patent is a windshield washer system that contains three separate reservoirs. One reservoir is used to collect water from the air. Another reservoir is used to hold an anti-freeze solution. Finally, the third reservoir is used to combine the water extracted from the air with the anti-freeze solution creating a freeze-resistant washer liquid.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,946,763 is a windshield washer system that also contains three reservoirs, although the reduction of VOC emissions is again not addressed. One reservoir contains collected rainwater. A second reservoir contains anti-freeze solution. A third reservoir contains a strong cleaning agent. According to the level of freeze protection needed, the anti-freeze solution is pumped into the tank holding the rainwater to create a washer liquid that is freeze-resistant. The '763 patent describes a method of mixing the rainwater with the anti-freeze upon determining the outside temperature, the washer liquid temperature, and the density of the washer liquid. Both the '763 and '254 patents transfer liquids from one reservoir to another and to the spray nozzles via a pump, a pump in combination with tubing, or via gravity. Both patents provide a single reservoir and pump assembly that is used to hold and distribute the washer liquid to the vehicle surface to be cleaned. In addition, both patents describe situations when water will be distributed throughout various reservoirs, pumps, tubing, passages and nozzles. When the temperature drops below the freezing point of water (0° C.), some of these components may freeze shut, thereby disabling the washer systems. Although the '763 patent describes a method of creating an ideal freezing point solution, it uses signals from several sensors in determining when to add anti-freeze to the washer liquid. The '763 patent uses a sensor to measure temperature of the washer liquid, a sensor for measuring the outside temperature, and a sensor for measuring the density of the washer liquid. The use of three sensors and various other components causes the '763 patent to be relatively complex and costly to produce.

Disadvantages associated with the systems disclosed in the '763 and '254 patents include freezing in the portion of the washer system that distributes washer liquid, when the washer liquid therein has a freezing point greater than or equal to the surrounding temperature. In addition, since only one washer liquid reservoir and pump assembly is provided, once the water is mixed with the anti-freeze solution to form the washer liquid, the only washer liquid option available is a freeze-resistant mixture. When outside temperatures transition to a level where ozone formation is possible, such as from a cold day or region to a hot day or region, the freeze-resistant mixture is still used, thereby emitting VOCs that are known contributors to ozone and smog formation.

It would therefore be desirable to provide a washer system that dispenses a washer liquid that emits a reduced amount of VOCs over conventional washer systems and that does not become inoperative due to freezing of the washer liquid.

In dual or multiple systems, the reservoir containing freezable liquid must permit many freeze-thaw cycles without rupture. It would therefore be desirable to provide a washer system that provides a fail-safe reservoir for freezing and expansion cycles, and which does not become inoperative due to freezing of the freezable washer liquid.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

One object of the invention is to reduce the amount of VOC emissions from the washer system of an automotive vehicle. Another object of the invention is to provide a washer system that is functional at all vehicle-operating temperatures.

In one aspect of the invention, a washer system includes a first reservoir containing a washer liquid that, containing little or no VOC, may freeze at or below 0° C., such as a solution of water and soap, and a second reservoir containing a freeze-resistant washer liquid, such as a solution of water, alcohol, and soap. The first reservoir is fluidically coupled to a first pump. The second reservoir is fluidically coupled to a second pump. The first pump is fluidically coupled to a first port. The second pump is fluidically coupled to a second port. An electronic control circuit is electrically coupled to the first pump and the second pump. The electrical control circuit controls the first pump and the second pump upon measuring a temperature.

In a further aspect of the invention, a method for operating a washer system comprises the steps of: measuring a temperature, drawing a washer liquid from a first reservoir when the measured temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature, drawing washer liquid from a second reservoir when the measured temperature is less than a predetermined temperature, and dispensing the washer liquid onto a surface.

Furthermore, the present invention may also take into consideration space constraints by incorporating at least a portion of the automotive washer system into an engine cooling fan shroud.

In another aspect of the invention, a washer system is provided which includes a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein. The drain port is in fluid communication with the freezable washer liquid when the first reservoir is in at least a full state. The washer system also includes a temperature sensor for measuring a critical temperature corresponding to approximately a freezing temperature of the freezable washer liquid, a drain plug sealingly communicating with the drain port, and an electrical control unit in operative communication with the temperature sensor and the drain plug. The electrical control unit controls the drain plug to drain the liquid from the first reservoir in response to the critical temperature.

In another aspect of the invention, a washer system is provided which includes a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein in fluid communication with the freezable washer liquid when the first reservoir is in at least a full state. A drain plug sealingly communicates with the drain port, and a thermal actuator is coupled to the first reservoir and is in operative communication with the drain plug. The thermal actuator controls the drain plug to drain the liquid from the first reservoir in response to a critical temperature.

One advantage of the invention is that the washer system reduces the amount of emitted VOCs over prior known systems while preventing the system from being disabled by freezing temperatures. Another advantage is that the invention minimizes the use of complicated system components, thereby reducing production costs.

The present invention itself, together with further objects and attendant advantages, is best understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automotive vehicle having a washer system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the first washer system according to the preferred embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method, describing operation of the invention for the first washer system of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the second washer system according to the preferred embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the second washer system in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6A is a schematic view of the third washer system according to the preferred embodiment.

FIG. 6B is a schematic view of a thermostat switch that may be used in the third washer system shown in FIG. 6A.

FIGS. 7-9 are schematic views of alternate fail-safe embodiments for the first reservoir.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In each of the following figures, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components. While the present invention is described with respect to an automotive washer system, the following washer systems are also capable of being adapted for other applications such as a windshield washer system, a head lamp or tail lamp washer system, and a washer system for the rear window in a vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of an automotive vehicle 10 having a washer system 12 according to the present invention is illustrated. Automotive vehicle 10 has a windshield 14 and wiper blades 16. A command switch 18 is located within vehicle 10. Actuating the command switch 18 causes the washer system 12 to pump washer liquid onto the windshield 14 and at the same time actuate the wiper blades 16 by powering a wiper motor (not shown). This in turn washes and cleans the windshield 14 (or other surfaces) on the vehicle 10. The command switch 18 may be of any style commonly used for a washer system in an automotive vehicle, such as stalk-mounted, console-mounted, or instrument panel-mounted.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a first embodiment of the washer system 12 is shown. The washer system 12 has a first reservoir 21, a second reservoir 23, and a fluid distribution circuit 26. The fluid distribution circuit 26 directs washer liquid from either the first reservoir 21 or the second reservoir 23 to an exit circuit 28 where washer liquid is dispensed. The exit circuit 28 directs washer liquid to a surface to be washed, such as the windshield 14 of FIG. 1. The electronic control module (ECM) 20 determines whether to use the washer liquid in the first reservoir 21 or the second reservoir 23. The ECM 20 may comprise analog or digital logic control devices or may be microprocessor based. Upon determining which washer liquid to use, the ECM 20 controls the fluid distribution circuit 26, directing the appropriate washer liquid through the exit circuit 28 and onto the windshield 14. When the command switch 18 is closed, the ECM 20 generates a command signal to activate the washer system 12, such that the system mode is equal to “activate”. After the command switch 18 is opened, the ECM 20 discontinues the command signal, such that the system mode equals “deactivate”.

The first reservoir 21 is illustrated as having six sides 22, similar to a cube (top side 22 a, left side 22 b, right side 22 c, and bottom side 22 d are shown). Of course, other shapes and irregular shapes may be used due to packaging constraints in the vehicle. The first reservoir 21 has a filling hole 32 in the top side 22 a with a removable lid 34. The bottom side 22 d has an opening 36 to which a drain tube 38 may be connected. The first reservoir 21 contains a freezable washer liquid 40, such as a solution of soap and water, that has a freezing point temperature similar to pure water. The reservoir 21 is designed to hold the freezable washer liquid 40 in the liquid state and in the higher volume solid state. A water-based liquid solution may expand up to about 10% by volume when transforming from a liquid state to a solid state. To compensate for the higher volume, the first reservoir 21 may contain an expandable bladder 42 at least partially surrounded by foam 44. The expandable bladder 42 is designed to expand up to the inner volume of the first reservoir 21 minus the volume of the isolation foam 44 surrounding the bladder 42, upon compression of said foam. The foam 44 or similar compressible material isolates and locates the bladder 42 within the first reservoir 21 and allows for the expansion of the water-based liquid 40 without generating significant strain on the sides 22 of reservoir 21, thus preventing fracturing of the sides 22. The foam 44 also prevents the bladder 42, and any solid or liquid contained there within, from swinging freely and striking the sides 22 of reservoir 21 during vehicle movement, thus mitigating a potential source of noise. Of course, other known methods for compensation of ice formation would be evident to those skilled in the art, including the use of an expansion resilient plastic reservoir.

The second reservoir 23 also is illustrated as having six sides 24, similar to a cube (top side 24 a, left side 24 b, right side 24 c, and the bottom side 24 d are shown). As mentioned above, other shapes may be used. The second reservoir 23 contains a freeze-resistant washer liquid 48, such as a solution of water, alcohol (VOC) and soap. The second reservoir 23 also has a filling hole 50 through top side 24 a with a removable lid 52. The bottom side 24 d has a drain tube 58 that protrudes through a seal 54.

Referring now to FIGS. 2, 2A, and 2B, the fluid distribution circuit 26 is fluidically connected to the first reservoir 21, second reservoir 23 and a fluid purge apparatus 61, and is electrically connected to the ECM 20. The three operative components of the fluid distribution circuit 26 include a first dual-purpose valve 62, a pump 66, and a second dual purpose valve 70 that are coupled in series. “Dual-purpose” refers to the capability of drawing washer liquid or gas (air) into the fluid distribution circuit 26. The first dual-purpose valve 62 is preferably a solenoid actuated valve with selectable opening of four flow ports 62 a, 62 b, 62 c and 62 d, as best shown in FIG. 2A. Unless selectively energized to open, each of the flow ports 62 a, 62 b, 62 c and 62 d is normally closed.

The pump 66 is a liquid pump with an inlet side 66 a and an outlet side 66 b. The pump 66 may of the type and size suitable for the particular application. The second dual-purpose valve 70 is preferably a solenoid actuated valve with selectable opening of three flow ports 70 a, 70 b and 70 c, as best shown in FIG. 2B. Unless selectively energized to open, each of the flow ports 70 a, 70 b and 70 c is normally closed. The fluid distribution circuit 26 also includes a number of fluid connections such as: fluid drain tube 38, fluid drain tube 58, fluid passage tube 64, fluid passage tube 68, and an exit circuit 28. The fluid connections may be formed of tubes, or if contained in a single housing, as passages or channels therethrough. The drain tube 38 protrudes through a seal 55 in the bladder 42 and is coupled between the bladder 42 and the first dual-purpose valve flow port 62 a. The drain tube 58 protrudes through a seal 54 and is coupled between the bottom side 24 d and the first dual-purpose valve flow port 62 b. The first dual-purpose valve flow port 62 c is connected to a pump inlet 66 a by tube 64. The pump outlet 66 b is connected to the second dual-purpose valve flow port 70 a by tube 68. The second dual-purpose valve flow port 70 b is connected to an exit circuit 28. The fluid exit tube 72 is coupled between the second dual-purpose valve flow port 70 b and a nozzle 74. Although, only one nozzle is illustrated, multiple nozzles may be contemplated in an operational embodiment.

A fluid movement sensor 76, such as a pressure sensor or a flow rate sensor, is connected to the tube 68 via tube 69. The fluid movement sensor 76 measures the movement of the freezable washer liquid being pumped from the first reservoir 21. Of course, other types of movement sensors may be used. The first reservoir 21 may contain a first liquid level sensor 89 and the second reservoir 23 may contain a second liquid level sensor 91.

The fluid purge apparatus 61 includes a fluid passage tube 78, a gas/liquid separator 80, a fluid passage tube 82, and a vacuum tank 84. The gas/liquid separator 80 has an inlet 80 a and two outlets 80 b and 80 c. The second dual-purpose valve flow port 70 c is connected to the gas/liquid separator inlet 80 a by fluid passage tube 78. The gas/liquid separator outlet 80 b is connected to a vacuum tank 84 by fluid passage tube 82. The vacuum tank 84 draws washer liquid into the gas/liquid separator 80. The gas/liquid separator 80 dispenses the washer liquid drawn into it through the gas/liquid separator outlet 80 c. The first dual-purpose valve 62, passage tube 64, pump 66, passage tube 68, the second dual-purpose valve 70 and the exit circuit 28 comprise the portion of the fluid distribution circuit 26 that is purged by the fluid purge apparatus 61. The fluid purge apparatus 61 also purges the fluid movement sensor 76.

An ECM 20 is used to electrically control the operation of the washer system 12. The ECM 20 is electrically coupled to, and receives electrical signals from, the fluid movement sensor 76, a temperature sensor 86, the liquid level sensor 89, the liquid level sensor 91 and the command switch 18. The temperature sensor 86 may be any of the following but is not limited to: a bi-metal thermostat switch, a solid state thermostat switch, a temperature gage, a thermocouple, a thermistor, or any other temperature measuring device. The ECM 20 is also electrically coupled to the first dual-purpose valve 62 and the second dual-purpose valve 70, the pump 66, the vacuum tank 84, and a warning light 87. The ECM 20, upon receiving signals from the fluid movement sensor 76, the temperature sensor 86, the liquid level sensor 89, the liquid level sensor 91 and the command switch 18, controls the first dual-purpose valve 62 and the second dual-purpose valve 70, the pump 66, the vacuum tank 84, and the warning light 87.

The ECM 20 monitors the last liquid used (either 40 or 48), the system mode (either “activate” or “deactivate”), the temperature sensor 86, the first liquid level sensor 89 and the second liquid level sensor 91. In FIG. 2, if the level of the liquid contained in either reservoir 21 or reservoir 23 is physically below the corresponding liquid level sensor, the ECM 20 activates a warning light 87 to warn the motorist that the corresponding liquid is running low. However, upon command, the ECM 20 may continue to draw liquid from reservoir 21 or reservoir 23 until either reservoir runs dry, depending on the temperature, as will be described later.

Referring now to FIG. 3, the operation of the first embodiment of the first washer system 12 is best described in the flow chart shown. The operation is initialized in step 88.

In step 90, the first reservoir 21 and the second reservoir 23 are filled at the vehicle assembly plant, the first reservoir 21 with a freezable washer liquid 40, such as water or a solution of soap and water, and the second reservoir 23 with a freeze-resistant washer liquid 48, such as a solution of water, alcohol and soap. Prior to leaving the plant, the washer system 12 is operated to prime the washer pump 66 and exit circuit 28. To prime the pump 66, the command switch 18 is closed, where after the ECM 20 opens flow ports 62 a and 62 c of the first dual-purpose valve 62 and flow ports 70 a and 70 b of the second dual-purpose valve 70, and actuates the pump 66 to flow freezable washer liquid from the first reservoir 21 through pump 66 into the exit circuit 28.

In step 92, the ECM 20 operation liquid state variable “A” is set to a pre-set value of zero. The ECM 20 has two operating liquid states: A=0 representing that the prior liquid state was freezable washer liquid 40 or A=1 representing that the prior liquid state was freeze-resistant washer liquid 48.

In step 94, the ECM 20 determines the air temperature or the temperature of any relevant vehicle component, such as the windshield 14 via the temperature sensor 86.

The temperature is compared to a critical temperature (T_(critical)), which in this case is set to 5° C. [41° F.]. The temperature T_(critical) corresponds to the temperature where freezing of pure water may be possible, plus a safety factor. When the temperature is greater than T_(critical) step 96 may be executed. When the ECM 20 determines the temperature is less than or equal to T_(critical), step 100 is executed.

In step 96, when the system mode equals “activate”, step 112 is executed. Step 112 and subsequent steps are discussed later.

In step 100, when the fluid distribution circuit 26 is primed with freezable washer liquid 40, operating state is A=0, step 102 is executed.

In step 102, at least a portion of the fluid distribution circuit 26 is purged. The purging of the freezable washer liquid 40 prevents the washer liquid from freezing in at least a portion of the fluid distribution circuit 26. To accomplish the purging of the fluid distribution circuit 26, the ECM 20 selectively opens the flow ports 62 c and 62 d between the atmosphere and the pump 66, the second dual-purpose valve flow ports 70 a, 70 b and 70 c between the pump 66, the exit circuit 28, and the gas/liquid separator 80. This allows the vacuum tank 84 in the purging apparatus 61 to draw all the fluid contained within a portion of the fluid distribution circuit 26 into the gas/liquid separator 80 so the distribution circuit is effectively drained, at which time the aforementioned valve flow ports are closed by the ECM 20.

Referring back to step 100 above, if on the other hand the fluid distribution circuit 26 contains freeze-resistant washer liquid 48 (A=1), then step 104 is executed.

In step 104, the fluid distribution circuit 26 remains primed with freeze-resistant washer liquid 48. Upon finishing either step 102 or step 104, step 106 may be executed.

In step 106, when the system mode equals “activate” step 108 is executed.

In step 108, when the temperature is less than or equal to T_(critical) step 110 is executed.

In step 110, the ECM 20 upon receiving the temperature signal automatically uses the freeze-resistant washer liquid 48 from the second reservoir 23 since the previous liquid usage state was A=1. To draw freeze-resistant washer liquid, the ECM 20, only while receiving a command signal from command switch 18 in step 106, opens flow ports 62 b, 62 c, 70 a, and 70 b while simultaneously energizing pump 66. Upon system deactivation in step 111, step 116 is executed.

In step 116, A is reset to A=1, after which the ECM function returns to step 94. When the temperature remains at or below the freezing point of water (0° C.) for extended periods of time, some or all of the freezable washer liquid 40 in the first reservoir 21 may solidify.

In step 108, when the temperature becomes greater than T_(critical) step 112 is executed.

In step 112, the ECM 20 attempts to draw freezable washer liquid 40 from the first reservoir 21 and then executes step 114.

In step 114, as long as the ECM 20 senses, via the fluid movement sensor 76, a fluid pressure downstream of pump 66 that is within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical) (or flow rate within a pre-selected range F_(critical)), then step 118 is executed. In this example a pressure sensor is used in place of the fluid movement sensor 76.

In step 118, the ECM 20 draws freezable washer liquid 40 from the first reservoir 21 until the system mode equals “deactivate” in step 119, at which time step 120 is executed.

In step 120, liquid state variable A is reset to A=0 and distribution circuit 26 is primed with freezable washer liquid 40. Upon completion of step 120, the ECM 20 function returns to step 94.

In step 114, as long as the ECM 20 receives a signal from the fluid movement sensor 76 that is not within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical) (or flow rate range F_(critical)), which may occur when some or all of the freezable washer liquid 40 in the first reservoir 21 has solidified into ice 46, step 122 is executed. In step 122, the ECM 20 checks the liquid and solid (if any) level in the first reservoir 21 via liquid level sensor 89. When the level is above a predetermined low limit level, step 110 is executed. The ECM 20 reverts to step 110 to draw freeze-resistant washer liquid 48 from the second reservoir 23. If the system mode returns to “deactivate” in step 111 (command switch 18 is opened), then step 116 is executed. In step 116, the ECM 20 resets liquid state variable A to A=1 and returns to step 94.

In step 122, when the freezable washer liquid 40 and/or ice 46 in the first reservoir 21 are at or below the predetermined low limit level as determined by liquid level sensor 89, step 124 is executed.

In step 124, the ECM 20 activates the warning lamp 87 and simultaneously prevents the operation of the pump 66 until the first reservoir 21 is filled above the predetermined low limit level, as determined in step 122. Thus, when the temperature is above T_(critical), the washer system will preferably only draw freeze-resistant washer liquid 48 from the second reservoir 23 if the level of the freezable washer liquid 40 in the first reservoir 21 is above the low limit level and the signal from the fluid movement sensor 76 is not within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical).

After the washer system 12 leaves the plant a variety of temperatures may be encountered. As such, when the system mode equals “activate” the automatic use of liquid from either the first reservoir 21 or the second reservoir 23 is based on the temperature signal received. When the temperature remains above T_(critical), freezable washer liquid 40 may continue to be drawn from the first reservoir 21. When the temperature remains at or below T_(critical) then the freeze resistant washer liquid 48 may continue to be drawn from the second reservoir 23. Whenever the washer system 12 is deactivated (command switch 18 is opened) the ECM 20 closes all possible flow paths by closing all of the flow ports in the first dual-purpose valve 62 and the second dual-purpose valve 70, thus preventing fluid contained in the fluid distribution circuit 26 from draining into the first or second reservoir by gravity.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, at least a portion of washer system 12 may be incorporated into a vehicle engine-cooling fan shroud 178 to form washer system 12′. Washer system 12′ reduces costs, reduces the number of vehicle components, and utilizes space available in vehicle 10. The first reservoir 21′ has a filler hole 32 with a removable lid 34 at the top of the fan shroud 178. The second reservoir 23′ has a filler neck 126′ with a filler hole 50 and removable lid 52 at the top of the fan shroud 178. Reservoirs 21′ and 23′ form a hole 180 in the center 177 of the fan shroud 178. The vehicle engine-cooling fan 179 rotates inside hole 180 in the center of the fan shroud 178. To simplify the installation of an expandable bladder 42 and the isolation foam 44 (not shown) in the first reservoir 21′, it would be most practical to assemble the fan shroud 178 from two halves as best shown in FIG. 5 showing a first half 182 and a second half 184.

Referring now to FIG. 6A, a third embodiment of the present invention illustrating washer system 12″, whereby the purging method described in the first and second embodiments is not utilized while maintaining a freeze resilient system. Preferably, the first reservoir 21″ and the second reservoir 23″ are incorporated into a fan shroud 178″. The first reservoir 21″ contains a freezable washer liquid 40. The first reservoir 21″ is designed to allow the freezable washer liquid to expand. The first reservoir 21″ may be produced from a freeze resilient plastic or may contain an expandable bladder 42 at least partially surrounded by foam 44 (neither shown) which protects the reservoir 21″ in case freezable washer liquid 40 solidifies and undergoes a 10% expansion by volume. The first reservoir 21″ also has a filling hole 32 in the top side 22 a″ with a removable lid 34 to close the filling hole 32. The bottom side 22 d″ has a first outlet 187 to which a first pump 188 may be connected.

The second reservoir 23″ contains a freeze-resistant washer liquid 48. The second reservoir 23″ also has a filling hole 50 in the top side 24 a″ with a lid 52. The bottom side 24 d″ has a second outlet 189 to which a second pump 192 may be connected.

The first pump 188 is connected to a first hose assembly 194. The first hose assembly 194 is also connected to a first port 196 of a first nozzle 198 and a first port 206 of a second nozzle 200. The first washer liquid path 201 comprises the first reservoir 21″, the first pump 188, the first hose assembly 194, the first port 196 of the first nozzle 198, and the first port 206 of a second nozzle 200. The second pump 192 is connected to a second hose assembly 202. The second hose assembly 202 is also connected to a second port 204 of the first nozzle 198 and a second port 197 of the second nozzle 200. The first hose assembly 194 and the second hose assembly 202 may be produced from elastomeric or polymeric materials capable of withstanding 10% volume expansions, in the event that the liquids in the hose assemblies freeze. The second washer liquid path 207 comprises the second reservoir 23″, the second pump 192, the second hose assembly 202, the second port 204 of the first nozzle 198, and the second port 197 of the second nozzle 200. The first washer liquid path 201 is parallel to the second washer liquid path 207. A temperature sensor 86 generates a temperature signal. A fluid movement sensor 76 generates a pressure signal (or flow rate signal). Liquid level sensors 89″ and 91″ generate liquid level signals for the first reservoir 21″ and the second reservoir 23″, respectively. The first pump 188, the second pump 192, the temperature sensor 86, the fluid movement sensor 76 and the liquid level sensors 89″ and 91″ are electrically coupled to an electrical control circuit 205 comprising the ECM 20 and the temperature sensor 86. The electronic control circuit 205 may comprise: a microprocessor, a thermostat switch, a temperature sensor, or other electronic device that may be used to measure temperature or switch between said first washer liquid path 201 and second washer liquid path 207.

At least a portion of washer system 12″″ is preferably incorporated into a fan shroud 178′. The cross-sectional area of the fan shroud 178′ is divided into a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is the first reservoir 21″, the second portion is the second reservoir 23″. An opening 180 is in the center 177 of the cross-sectional area of the fan shroud 178′. The engine-cooling fan 179 rotates within the opening 180.

In operation, the ECM 20 actuates the first pump 188 if and only if the current system mode equals “activate” corresponding to the ECM 20 receiving a signal from the command switch 18, the temperature (sensed by temperature sensor 86) is greater than T_(critical), and the pressure downstream of the pump 188 (sensed by movement sensor 76) is within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical). The temperature T_(critical) corresponds to a temperature below which pure water will solidify, plus a safety factor. During the time when the ECM 20 is activating the first pump the ECM 20 does not actuate the second pump 192. Actuating the first pump 188 causes washer liquid in the first reservoir 21″ to be pumped through the first hose assembly 194 and dispensed out of port 196 and port 206 onto the windshield 14.

The ECM 20 actuates the second pump 192 and at the same time does not actuate the first pump 188 if the system mode equals “activate” and the temperature is less than or equal to T_(critical). Actuating the second pump 192 causes freeze-resistant washer liquid 48 in the second reservoir 23″ to be pumped through the second hose assembly 202 and dispensed out port 204 and port 197 onto the windshield 14. In addition, the ECM 20 will actuate the second pump 192 and at the same time not actuate the first pump 188 if the system mode equals “activate”, the temperature is greater than T_(critical), the washer liquid level in the first reservoir 21″ is higher than the predetermined low limit level as defined by the position of the level sensor 89′ and the pressure sensed by fluid movement sensor 76 is not within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical). Finally, even when the system mode equals “activate” and the temperature is greater than T_(critical), the ECM 20 will not actuate the first pump 188 or the second pump 192 when the washer liquid level in the first reservoir 21″ is at or below the predetermined low limit level as defined by the position of liquid level sensor 89′ and the pressure sensed by the fluid movement sensor 76 is not within a pre-selected pressure range P_(critical).

Referring now to FIG. 6B, costs to produce washer system 12″ may be reduced by eliminating the liquid level sensors 89′ and 91′, the liquid movement sensor 76, the temperature sensor 86 and the ECM 20. In replacement of temperature sensor 86 and ECM 20, a bimetal or solid state thermostat switch 208 is used to sense temperature and selectively directs the command signal from command switch 18 to either pump 188 or pump 192, depending on the position of the thermostat switch 208, which is a direct function of the temperature and the thermostat set point. The thermostat switch 208 set point is equal to T_(critical), where T_(critical) is predetermined, preferably set in the range of 10° C. to 21° C. When the temperature sensed by the thermostat switch 208 is above T_(critical), the command signal will be directed to pump 188 via the thermostat switch 208. When the temperature sensed by the thermostat switch 208 is equal to or less than T_(critical), the command signal is directed to pump 192 via the thermostat switch 208. The temperature T_(critical) corresponds to the temperature where the freezing of pure water will occur (0° C.), plus a safety factor preferably ranging from 10° C. to 21° C. The safety factor improves the likelihood that all of the freezable washer liquid 40 in the first reservoir 21″ and in the first washer liquid path 201 will be completely liquid (none in solid form, so as to block liquid flow) at any time the first pump 188 is actuated, thus ensuring the desired function.

Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, there are shown schematic views of alternate fail-safe embodiments for the first fluid reservoir 21. As the first fluid reservoir 21 contains freezable washer liquid, it is desirable to have the first fluid reservoir 21 constructed such that it can withstand repeated freeze-thaw cycles without rupture or to include mechanisms to prevent the freezeable washer liquid from damaging or bursting the reservoir. FIGS. 2 and 4 disclose at least two embodiments for the first fluid reservoir 21 which incorporate features to allow the reservoir to withstand repeated freeze-thaw cycles without rupture. In particular, the reservoir includes an expandable bladder 42 at least partially surrounded by foam 44. The expandable bladder 42 is designed to expand up to the inner volume of the first reservoir 21, less the volume of the isolation foam 44 surrounding the bladder 42, upon compression of the foam. The foam 44 or similar compressible material isolates and locates the bladder 42 within the first reservoir 21 and allows for the expansion of the water-based liquid 40 without generating significant strain on the sides of the first fluid reservoir 21, thus preventing fracture or rupture of the reservoir.

The fail-safe designs of FIGS. 7-9 can alternately prevent fracture or rupture of the first fluid reservoir 21 due to the expansion of the water-based liquid 40 contained therein. The principle of the fail-safe designs shown in FIGS. 7-9 is to reduce the amount of freezable liquid within the reservoir 21, when a critical temperature has been achieved, by an amount sufficient to allow the expansion of the remaining liquid without undue stress or strain on the body of the reservoir. Such fail-safe mechanisms as described herein can also be combined with the forgiving, expandable designs of FIGS. 2 and 4.

In the following figures, the same reference numerals are used to refer to like components. To the extent a more detailed description of the component has been provided with reference to an earlier figure, reference should be made thereto. Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a schematic diagram of a first fail-safe embodiment of the first fluid reservoir 21. Although the first fluid reservoir 21 is shown as a section of a cube-shaped volume, it should be understood that the reservoir can be of any shaped-volume, including integral designs such as that shown in FIG. 4. Thus, the first fluid reservoir 21 includes a filler opening 32 and filler cap 34 for filling the reservoir with a freezable washer liquid 40 and sealing the reservoir, respectively. The freezable washer liquid 40, such as a solution of soap and water, has a freezing point temperature in the range of pure water, and expands up to about 10% by volume when transforming from a liquid state to a solid state. The bottom of the first fluid reservoir 21 includes an opening 36 to which a drain tube 38 is connected for drawing fluid out of the first fluid reservoir 21 as described above. A liquid level sensor 89 is also included as described above which is in operative communication with the ECM 20. A temperature sensor 86 is also included as described above which is also in operative communication with the ECM 20.

In addition, the fail-safe mechanism includes a drain port 240 formed in the side of the first fluid reservoir 21 which is sealingly engaged by plug 254. Under normal operating conditions, such as when the temperature is above a critical temperature, the plug 254 seals the drain port 240. The plug 254 is coupled to an actuator 250 by way of a connecting rod 252. The actuator 250 may be a solenoid or relay and the connecting rod 252 may be the armature of the solenoid. Other electrically-actuated mechanical drive arrangements for the plug 254 are also contemplated and included in the present invention. The plug is preferably a resilient elastomeric material such as plastic or rubber. The plug 254 can also be a threaded member cooperating with a threaded bore 240, or a valve in fluid communication with the drain port. The actuator 250 is operatively coupled to, and controlled by the ECM 20. A temperature sensor 260 may also be included and coupled to the first fluid reservoir 21 to sense the temperature of the liquid 40 therein, or the ambient temperature of the air about the first fluid reservoir 21. The sensor 260 is operatively coupled to the ECM 20 to provide such temperature information. Alternatively, temperature sensor 86 may provide sufficient temperature data to the ECM 20 to control the fail-safe mechanism.

In operation, when a critical temperature is sensed which corresponds to a temperature just above freezing, plus a safety factor, for the freezable washer liquid 40 within the first fluid reservoir 21, the actuator 250 is activated by the ECM 20 to retract the plug 254 from the drain port 240 and allow the liquid 40 to drain from the first fluid reservoir 21. The temperature data may be provided by the temperature sensor 86 or sensor 260, if present. The drain port 240 is configured at a location within the side wall of the first fluid reservoir 21 to purge enough of the liquid 40 such that, if the remaining amount of liquid 40 were to subsequently freeze and expand, the first fluid reservoir 21 would not be damaged. The duration of the actuator activation can correspond to a predetermined time, or continue until the level of fluid 40 sensed by the liquid level sensor 89 reaches the desired level. In this regard, the predetermined time may correspond to a time sufficient for the fluid 40 to reach the level of the drain plug 240 or, if the drain plug is located at a level other than the desired, maximum level of fluid, such as below the desired maximum level, to a time sufficient to ensure the desired maximum level will be met at the average flow rate of the fluid 40 through the drain port 240. Similarly, the liquid level sensor 89 need not be at the same level as the drain port 240. Indeed the drain port 240 can be located at the bottom of the first fluid reservoir 21, and the liquid level sensor 89 can be located to indicate the maximum desired level of fluid.

In the example of FIG. 8, the actuator 250 and plug 254 are controlled by a thermocouple 260, in the form of a temperature sensor, coupled to the first fluid reservoir 21. The mechanical unit comprising the actuator 250, plug 254 and sensor 260 operate mechanically as a function of the sensed temperature. Thus, they can operate independently of, and without need for, the ECM 20. All known thermally-activated actuators are contemplated for the actuator 250 including, but not limited to, shape memory alloys, bimetal disks, wax core thermostats, or bimetal or solid state thermostat switches. Providing such actuators with mechanical leverage, and calibrating such actuators at an appropriate temperature set point, the actuator 250 can open or seal the drain port 240 as desired. The drain port 240 may remain open as long as the temperature sensed is less than the critical temperature, or the actuator can be set to actuate for a predetermined period of time in response to sensing the critical temperature as described above. Alternatively, or in addition, the actuator 250 can be overridden by a signal from the ECM 20 to close the drain port 240 upon the fluid 40 reaching a desired sensed level as determined by the fluid level sensor 89.

In the example of FIG. 9, the actuator and plug mechanism are omitted. Instead, the opening 36 and drain tube 38 act as a drain port. A valve 270, in operative communication with the ECM 20, is activated in response to sensing the critical temperature. The temperature signal can be provided, again, by a separate temperature sensor 260, or the sensor 86 as described above. Upon activation, the valve 270 can permit fluid communication between the opening 36 and open conduit 272 to drain fluid 40 from the first fluid reservoir 21. The valve 270 can be activated for a predetermined period of time or in response to a fluid level as detected by fluid level sensor 89 described above. Alternatively, the valve 270 can be omitted, and the fluid purge system 61 can be activated to purge fluid from the reservoir 21 until the fluid 40 achieves a desired level, or for a predetermined period of time based upon the flow characteristics of the fluid 40 and size of the opening 36 and capability of the purge system 61.

The above described washer systems, to one skilled in the art, are capable of being adapted for various purposes and are not limited to the following automotive applications: a windshield washer system, a head lamp or tail lamp washer system, and a washer system for the rear window in a vehicle. The above-described invention can also be varied without deviating from the true scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A washer system comprising: a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein in fluid communication with said freezable washer liquid when said first reservoir is in at least a full state; a temperature sensor for measuring a critical temperature corresponding to approximately a freezing temperature of said freezable washer liquid; a drain plug sealingly communicating with said drain port; a fluid level sensor for providing a fluid level signal, said fluid level sensor coupled to said first reservoir; and an electrical control unit in operative communication with said temperature sensor and said drain plug, said electrical control unit controlling said drain plug to drain said liquid from said first reservoir in response to said critical temperature and to said fluid level sensor.
 2. A washer system according to claim 1 wherein said temperature sensor is coupled to said first reservoir and measures a temperature of said freezable washer liquid.
 3. A washer system according to claim 1 wherein said temperature sensor measures a temperature of ambient air proximate the first reservoir.
 4. A washer system according to claim 1 wherein said drain port is located at a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir.
 5. A washer system according to claim 1 comprising an actuator coupled to said drain plug and in operative communication with said electrical control unit, said electrical control unit controlling said actuator to open said drain plug and drain said liquid from said reservoir in response to said critical temperature.
 6. A washer system according to claim 5 wherein said electrical control unit controls said actuator to open said drain plug for a predetermined period of time in response to said critical temperature.
 7. A washer system according to claim 1 wherein said fluid level sensor indicates a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir.
 8. A washer system according to claim 1 comprising a second reservoir containing a freeze-resistant washer fluid and at least one pump fluidically connected to said first and second reservoirs, said at least one pump being controlled by said electrical control unit in response to a temperature signal from said temperature sensor.
 9. A washer system comprising: a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein in fluid communication with said freezable washer liquid when said first reservoir is in at least a full state; a drain plug sealingly communicating with said drain port; a fluid level sensor for providing a fluid level signal, said fluid level sensor coupled to said first reservoir; and a thermal actuator coupled to said first reservoir and in operative communication with said drain plug, said actuator controlling said drain plug to drain said liquid from said first reservoir in response to a critical temperature and to said fluid level signal.
 10. A washer system according to claim 9 wherein said fluid level sensor indicates a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir.
 11. A washer system according to claim 9 comprising a fluid level sensor for providing a fluid level signal and an electrical control unit in operative communication with said fluid level sensor and said thermal actuator, said fluid level sensor coupled to said first reservoir, and wherein said thermal actuator opens said drain plug to drain said liquid from said reservoir in response to said critical temperature and said electrical control unit closes said drain plug in response to said fluid level signal.
 12. A washer system according to claim 9 wherein said drain port is located at a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir.
 13. A washer system according to claim 9 wherein said drain port is located proximate a bottom of said first reservoir and said thermal actuator controls said drain plug to drain said liquid from said reservoir in response to said critical temperature for a predetermined period of time.
 14. A washer system according to claim 9 comprising an electrical control unit, a temperature sensor in operative communication with said electrical control unit, a second reservoir containing a freeze-resistant washer fluid and at least one pump fluidically connected to said first and second reservoirs, said at least one pump being controlled by said electrical control unit in response to a temperature signal from said temperature sensor.
 15. A washer system for a vehicle comprising: a first reservoir containing a freezable washer liquid and having a drain port therein in fluid communication with said freezable washer liquid when said first reservoir is in at least a full state; a second reservoir containing a freeze-resistant washer fluid; at least one pump fluidically connected to said first and second reservoirs, a temperature sensor for measuring a critical temperature corresponding to approximately a freezing temperature of said freezable washer liquid; a fluid level sensor coupled to said first reservoir and providing a fluid level signal; a drain plug sealingly communicating with said drain port; and an electrical control unit in operative communication with said fluid level sensor, said temperature sensor, said at least one pump and said drain plug, said electrical control unit controlling said drain plug to drain said liquid from said reservoir in response to said critical temperature and said fluid level signal, and said at least one pump being controlled by said electrical control unit in response to a temperature signal from said temperature sensor.
 16. A washer system according to claim 15 wherein said drain port is located at a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir.
 17. A washer system according to claim 15 wherein said drain port is located proximate a bottom of said first reservoir.
 18. A washer system according to claim 15 wherein said fluid level sensor indicates a fluid level corresponding to approximately an amount of freezable washer liquid that can freeze without damaging said first reservoir and said electrical control unit opens said drain plug to drain said liquid from said reservoir in response to said critical temperature and closes said drain plug in response to said fluid level signal. 